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JavaScript is used by browsers to provide dynamic web sites and user interfaces; jQuery is a JavaScript library that handles animation, Ajax interactions, event handling, and more. If you want your web site to look like it belongs in the 2010s, then JavaScript and jQuery will be part of it. There are a number of modules that use JavaScript and integrate many popular jQuery libraries into your site, discussed in this section.

<persistence-context-ref> <persistence-context-ref-name> actionBazaar/EntityManager </persistence-context-ref-name> <persistence-unit-name>actionBazaar</persistence-unit-name> </persistence-context-ref>

ShopForMusic /

Regardless of which previous approach you use, your next step is to grab an instance of an EntityManager by using JNDI:

(EntityManager)context.lookup( "java:comp/env/actionBazaar/EntityManager");

Colorbox is a customizable lightbox plug-in for jQuery 1.3 and 1.4, allowing for image pop-ups commonly seen on many sites where the web site is grayed out and the image is emphasized. There are many modules and jQuery plug-ins that achieve this effect; see http://drupal.org/node/266126 for details.

change its default state back to 0% Opacity before we run the application. At this point we have the DialogBox Grid appearing when we click the Buy Now Button. We also need to make the DialogBox disappear when the user clicks the Continue Shopping Button in the DialogBox or navigate to the Checkout Screen if the user clicks the Checkout Button also contained in the DialogBox Grid. Let s do that now!

One thing you need to remember when you don t use session beans to access the entities is that you have to programmatically manage your transactions since CMT is not available in the web container. You must use the UserTransaction API in the following way:

@Resource private UserTransaction ut; ... ut.begin(); ... entityManager.persist(item); ... ut.commit();

Figure 16-29.

You ll recall that in chapter 6 we discussed the disadvantages of programmatic transaction; it s also evident from the previous code that you have to write errorprone code to manage transactions. If you plan to deploy your web module to a Java EE container, an EJB container is included as well. We recommend that you take full advantage of your container by using a session bean to fa ade your entity operations. With this approach, you don t have to worry about programmatic transactions, and you receive extra benefits, such as the ability to inject EntityManager and the power of extended persistence context. Next we ll discuss how you can use an application-managed EntityManager with the JTA transaction manager.

External Links (http://drupal.org/project/extlink) uses jQuery to find all external links on a page, optionally adding an icon for either external links or mailto: links. Additional configuration options include opening external links in a new window and providing a confirmation message when leaving the site.

As you know, we don t typically recommend using an application-managed EntityManager, but in some cases it s your best choice. For instance, you may not want to use JNDI to grab a container-managed EntityManager instance because you are a fan of dependency injection. In that case, there is another option. You can consider using the @PersistenceUnit annotation to inject an instance of an EntityManagerFactory, and then create an application-managed instance of EntityManager as follows:

ShopForMusic / HideDialog, as I am doing in Figure 16-30. This will make the DialogBox Grid disappear when the user clicks Continue Shopping.

public class ActionBazaarBidControllerServlet extends HttpServlet { @PersistenceUnit(unitName = "actionBazaar") private EntityManagerFactory emf; ... }

Just remember that you have to manage the lifecycle of an application-managed EntityManager (see listing 12.4); the container is not going to do it for you in this situation.

3. Change the DialogBox Grid Opacity back to 0%.

jQuery UI (http://drupal.org/project/jquery_ui) is a wrapper module around the jQuery UI effect library (http://jqueryui.com), which provides advanced animation and effects for web sites. This module does not do anything on its own but rather is required by modules.

try { Begins ... transaction ut.begin(); em = emf.createEntityManager(); em.persist(item); ... ut.commit(); ... } catch (Exception e) { try { ut.rollback(); } catch (Exception e) { } finally { Closes EntityManager em.close(); } }

In listing 12.4 we are doing a lot of housekeeping to manage the lifecycle of the EntityManager and to manually manage transactions. Unless you have a specific reason to use an application-managed EntityManager, we recommend using the Session Fa ade design pattern (discussed in 12.2.3) with CMT, and a containermanaged EntityManager. The EJB 3 incarnation of session beans are lightweight POJOs, which make life easier by not requiring the developer to manage the lifecycle of entity managers or transactions.